Dunno about what some say, but physics says green is a shorter wavelength than red (hint, gold is more towards red). Red has a longer wavelength that requires more energy to achieve a similar perceptible output. Red is literally on the other end of the spectrum.
Red light has the longest wavelength in the visible spectrum, ranging roughly from 620 to 750 nm. Green light sits near the middle, with shorter wavelengths ranging from 495 to 570 nm.
Because frequency is inversely proportional to wavelength, red light has a lower frequency and carries less energy per photon. Green light possesses a higher frequency and greater energy.
Anyone with astigmatism (raises hand) has seen how a red dot blows out into a fuzzy streaked mess at it’s highest output. Dimming to lower levels can make the reticle seem crisper. Green is not a magic bullet for astigmatism, BUT… It requires less energy to produce the same perceptible level of light. Meaning, you can use a lower setting with green dots to mitigate the effects of astigmatism.
The human eye is not equally sensitive to all colors. Under normal daylight conditions, our eyes peak in sensitivity at around 555 nm, which is squarely in the green spectrum. Because of this, a green laser or light source will often look significantly brighter to the human eye than a red light of the exact same wattage.
That is the science of it, but the other considerations are; who’s using the sight, and the time of day. Green is easier to see in the daytime but a bright green reticle can be too easy to see at night. Meaning, green is more likely to screw up your night vision than red. There is a reason spec ops and astronomers use red tinted lights at night.
Lastly, not everyone sees color the same way. Colorblindness is the most acute example, but everyone’s ability to see one color better than another varies from person to person.
Red is still the best all around color (wavelength) for illuminated reticles. Green is better than red for daytime use and for people with problems seeing red. Red will not blow out your night vision like green can. Amber splits the diff.